Bivalent complexes of PRC1 with orthologs of BRD4 and MOZ/MORF target developmental genes in Drosophila

  1. Mitzi I. Kuroda1,2
  1. 1Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
  2. 2Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
  3. 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
  4. 4Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
  1. Corresponding author: mkuroda{at}genetics.med.harvard.edu
  1. 5 These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Regulatory decisions in Drosophila require Polycomb group (PcG) proteins to maintain the silent state and Trithorax group (TrxG) proteins to oppose silencing. Since PcG and TrxG are ubiquitous and lack apparent sequence specificity, a long-standing model is that targeting occurs via protein interactions; for instance, between repressors and PcG proteins. Instead, we found that Pc-repressive complex 1 (PRC1) purifies with coactivators Fs(1)h [female sterile (1) homeotic] and Enok/Br140 during embryogenesis. Fs(1)h is a TrxG member and the ortholog of BRD4, a bromodomain protein that binds to acetylated histones and is a key transcriptional coactivator in mammals. Enok and Br140, another bromodomain protein, are orthologous to subunits of a mammalian MOZ/MORF acetyltransferase complex. Here we confirm PRC1–Br140 and PRC1–Fs(1)h interactions and identify their genomic binding sites. PRC1–Br140 bind developmental genes in fly embryos, with analogous co-occupancy of PRC1 and a Br140 ortholog, BRD1, at bivalent loci in human embryonic stem (ES) cells. We propose that identification of PRC1–Br140 “bivalent complexes” in fly embryos supports and extends the bivalency model posited in mammalian cells, in which the coexistence of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 at developmental promoters represents a poised transcriptional state. We further speculate that local competition between acetylation and deacetylation may play a critical role in the resolution of bivalent protein complexes during development.

Keywords

Footnotes

  • Received August 10, 2017.
  • Accepted September 28, 2017.

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